Bolts are ubiquitous in both industrial production and daily life. The performance grade of bolts, particularly in steel structure connections, encompasses a range of more than ten grades, including 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, and others. Bolts rated 8.8 and above are crafted from low carbon alloy steel or medium carbon steel and undergo heat treatment processes like...